To marinate the chicken: In a bowl, add the chicken and sprinkle in the salt. Mix until the chicken absorbs the salt. Add the white pepper, rice wine, egg white, and the cornstarch slurry. Mix until evenly coated and let marinate while you prepare the remaining ingredients.
To make the sweet and sour sauce: In a bowl, combine the water, rice vinegar, sugar, salt, and ketchup. Whisk until well combined.
To make the batter: In a large bowl, whisk together the cornstarch, baking soda, baking powder, salt, egg, cooking oil, and water until smooth. Add the marinated chicken and toss until evenly coated.
To fry the chicken: In a pot, add about 2 inches of a high-smoking-point cooking oil and heat to 350°F (177°C). Fry the chicken in batches for about 5 minutes, or until golden brown and cooked through. Transfer to a wire rack or paper towel-lined plate.
To fry the chicken again: Increase the oil temperature to 375°F (191°C). Return the chicken to the oil and fry for about 1 minute, or until golden and extra crispy. Transfer to a wire rack or paper towel-lined plate to drain.
To stir-fry the vegetables: In a wok over high heat, add the cooking oil, onion, green bell pepper, and red bell pepper. Stir-fry for about 30 seconds, then transfer to a plate.
To finish the dish: In the same wok over medium heat, pour in the sweet and sour sauce and bring to a gentle simmer. Stir in the cornstarch slurry and cook until the sauce thickens and becomes glossy. Return the vegetables and chicken to the wok. Add the pineapple and toss until everything is evenly coated and heated through. Serve immediately.