To prepare the salmon, place the salmon fillets skin-side down and slice crosswise about ½ inch apart without cutting through the skin. Turn the fillets and slice again in the opposite direction to create a crosshatch pattern. Season with salt and white pepper. Coat the salmon with cornstarch and shake off the excess.
To fry the salmon, in a pot over high heat, add cooking oil and heat to 325°F (163°C). Carefully add the salmon fillets and fry until golden and crispy, about 3 minutes. Remove and drain on paper towels.
To make the sweet and sour sauce, in a pot over medium heat, combine the water, ketchup, rice vinegar, sugar, cilantro stems, and red bell pepper. Bring to a simmer. Stir in the cornstarch slurry and cook until the sauce thickens.
To serve, arrange the crispy blooming salmon on a plate and serve with the sweet and sour sauce on the side or drizzle it over the salmon.